{"site":"Selank Co","url":"https://selankco.com","format":"evidence-manifest/v1","claim_count":60,"claims":[{"id":"SEL-001","text":"Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide with the sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro, molecular formula C33H57N11O9, molecular weight 751.9, CAS 129954-34-3, UNII TS9JR8EP1G, PubChem CID 11765600.","source_url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11765600","grade":"chemical-reference","grade_label":"Chemical reference","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/entity","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-002","text":"Selank is a tuftsin analog: the immune tetrapeptide tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) extended at the C-terminus with the tripeptide Pro-Gly-Pro, a modification the literature describes as stabilizing.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21609736/","grade":"chemical-reference","grade_label":"Chemical reference","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/entity","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-003","text":"Selank is also sold and indexed under the names Selanc and TP-7; FDA's compounding page names it 'Selank acetate (TP-7)'.","source_url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11765600","grade":"chemical-reference","grade_label":"Chemical reference","used_on":["https://selankco.com/entity","https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-004","text":"No drug product containing selank has ever been approved by FDA for any use; an openFDA Drugs@FDA query for selank as an active ingredient returns NOT_FOUND.","source_url":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com"]},{"id":"SEL-005","text":"Selank is not FDA approved for any use. It is sold as a research chemical; FDA has cited unresolved safety and quality concerns for compounded selank, and no human efficacy has been established to FDA standards.","source_url":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://selankco.com","https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/entity"]},{"id":"SEL-006","text":"FDA states that compounded drugs containing selank acetate may pose risk for immunogenicity for certain routes of administration due to the potential for aggregation and peptide-related impurities, and that FDA lacks important information regarding any safety issues raised by selank acetate administered to humans.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-007","text":"Selank acetate appears on FDA's compounding safety-risks page under the heading 'Bulk drug substances nominated but withdrawn', which FDA describes as substances previously in category 2 of the interim policies that were withdrawn by the nominators.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"SEL-008","text":"FDA states that compounded drugs are not FDA-approved and that FDA does not verify the safety, effectiveness or quality of compounded drugs before they are marketed.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/compounding-and-fda-questions-and-answers","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-009","text":"A 2021 review in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology by University of Connecticut and Hartford Hospital authors describes phenibut and selank as poorly studied Russian drugs with GABAergic mechanisms that are inexplicably sold to US consumers as dietary supplements.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34396551/","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com"]},{"id":"SEL-010","text":"A Belgian government laboratory reported that two suspicious preparations seized at the end of 2017 and in 2018 contained selank and semax, and that an online search found these research peptides freely available either as lyophilized powder for injection or present in nasal sprays.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31667971/","grade":"analytical","grade_label":"Analytical study","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-011","text":"The same Belgian laboratory wrote of selank and semax that, to their knowledge, these peptides have not completed any clinical trials, a statement published in 2020, twelve years after the first Russian clinical reports were indexed in PubMed.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31667971/","grade":"analytical","grade_label":"Analytical study","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-012","text":"A 2022 peer-reviewed review of peptide biopharmaceutical development in Russia states that 14 peptide products are registered in the Russian Federation and lists selank among them, classified as an anxiolytic.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9030433/","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/comparison","https://selankco.com"]},{"id":"SEL-013","text":"We could not verify selank's Russian registration against the Russian State Register of Medicines itself: the register's search interface requires a session-bound form post, and its public autocomplete endpoint returned an empty result for paracetamol and aspirin as well as for selank, so an empty result there proves nothing either way.","source_url":"https://grls.rosminzdrav.ru/","grade":"internal-measurement","grade_label":"Internal measurement","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/editorial"]},{"id":"SEL-014","text":"A PubMed search for selank on 2026-08-14 returned 135 indexed records, of which 57 carry selank in the title.","source_url":"https://selankco.com/evidence.json","grade":"internal-measurement","grade_label":"Internal measurement","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-015","text":"Of those 57 selank-titled records, 26 are Russian-language papers, marked by PubMed as [Article in Russian].","source_url":"https://selankco.com/evidence.json","grade":"internal-measurement","grade_label":"Internal measurement","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-016","text":"Of the 36 selank-titled records that carry an author-affiliation block, 35 list a Russian institution; exactly one lists no Russian institution, and that one is a US review article rather than original selank research.","source_url":"https://selankco.com/evidence.json","grade":"internal-measurement","grade_label":"Internal measurement","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-017","text":"By that census, the number of original selank research papers indexed in PubMed from a non-Russian institution is zero.","source_url":"https://selankco.com/evidence.json","grade":"internal-measurement","grade_label":"Internal measurement","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-018","text":"The largest published human study compared selank with the benzodiazepine medazepam in 62 patients with generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia: 30 received selank and 32 received medazepam, and the reported anxiolytic effects of the two drugs were similar, with selank also showing antiasthenic and psychostimulant effects.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/","grade":"human-trial","grade_label":"Human trial","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-019","text":"In that same study the authors reported that patients with generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia had a decreased half-life of leu-enkephalin correlated with disease duration and symptom severity, and that this measure increased during selank treatment mostly in the generalized anxiety disorder group.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/","grade":"human-trial","grade_label":"Human trial","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-020","text":"A 2014 Russian study compared selank with the benzodiazepine phenazepam in 60 patients with phobic-anxiety and somatoform disorders and reported pronounced anxiolytic and mild nootropic effects, with the anxiolytic effect lasting for a week after the last dose of the peptide.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25176261/","grade":"human-trial","grade_label":"Human trial","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-021","text":"A 2015 study of 70 patients compared phenazepam alone in 30 patients with a phenazepam plus selank combination in 40 patients, and reported that adding selank decreased phenazepam side effects including attention and memory impairment, sedation and emotional indifference.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26356395/","grade":"human-trial","grade_label":"Human trial","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-022","text":"A 2008 study reported cytokine changes in the serum of patients with generalized anxiety disorder and neurasthenia who received selank for 14 days, alongside in vitro work on peripheral blood cells.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18577961/","grade":"human-obs","grade_label":"Human observational","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-023","text":"A 2020 imaging study administered selank, semax or placebo to 52 healthy participants and reported differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the right amygdala and a right temporal region, described by the authors as defined for the first time.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32342318/","grade":"human-trial","grade_label":"Human trial","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-024","text":"A 2001 study of patients with anxiety and phobic disorders reported shortened enkephalin half-life during generalized anxiety and found that selank inhibited enzymatic hydrolysis of plasma enkephalin dose-dependently with an IC50 of 15 micromolar.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11550013/","grade":"human-obs","grade_label":"Human observational","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-025","text":"None of the retrievable human selank abstracts states a dose, a route, a treatment duration or a randomization or blinding procedure, so no human dosing regimen can be cited from the primary literature available in English.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/","grade":"absence-of-evidence","grade_label":"Absence of evidence","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-026","text":"No selank study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: an intervention-scoped query returns two unrelated records, one about repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over scalp site TP7 and one about transcranial electrical stimulation.","source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=selank","grade":"registry","grade_label":"Registry record","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com"]},{"id":"SEL-027","text":"No randomized, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of selank is retrievable in the English-language index: the placebo-controlled study we located used a brain-imaging endpoint in healthy volunteers, and the four patient studies were active-comparator or uncontrolled designs whose abstracts do not report randomization or blinding.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/","grade":"absence-of-evidence","grade_label":"Absence of evidence","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com"]},{"id":"SEL-028","text":"Across every published human selank study with a stated participant count, the total is 244 people: 192 patients in three clinical studies plus 52 healthy volunteers in one imaging study. The largest single study enrolled 70 people.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18454096/","grade":"internal-measurement","grade_label":"Internal measurement","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com"]},{"id":"SEL-029","text":"In human serum, selank inhibited enkephalin-degrading enzymes with an IC50 of 20 micromolar, while semax was more potent at 10 micromolar, and both were more potent than puromycin and bacitracin.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11443939/","grade":"in-vitro","grade_label":"In vitro","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"SEL-030","text":"A tritium-labelled enkephalin assay in human plasma reported that selank is more specific for carboxypeptidases and dicarboxypeptidases, whereas bestatin predominantly inhibits aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15344652/","grade":"in-vitro","grade_label":"In vitro","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-031","text":"In cultured human IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells, selank alone produced no changes in the messenger RNA levels of the 84 GABAergic and neurotransmission genes studied, while it suppressed the changes GABA produced on its own.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5328971/","grade":"in-vitro","grade_label":"In vitro","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-032","text":"A radioligand binding study reported that selank affects tritiated GABA binding as a positive allosteric modulator, and that selank can block the modulatory activity of diazepam and olanzapine, with binding sites that apparently are not the same but may partially overlap.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30255741/","grade":"in-vitro","grade_label":"In vitro","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-033","text":"In rat frontal cortex, a single 300 microgram per kilogram dose of selank or GABA changed the expression of 45 of 84 neurotransmission genes at one hour and 22 genes at three hours, with the changes produced by selank correlating with those produced by GABA.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4757669/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-034","text":"Applied to rat hippocampal slices, selank increased the amplitude and discharge rate of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons, and showed no significant dose-dependence across the 1 to 8 micromolar range examined.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361410/","grade":"in-vitro","grade_label":"In vitro","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-035","text":"In rats under unpredictable chronic mild stress, selank given alone was the most effective at reducing the elevated anxiety induced by a course of the test substances, while the diazepam plus selank combination was most effective under the chronic stress condition.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5322660/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-036","text":"In rats given ethanol as their only fluid for 30 weeks, selank at 0.3 milligrams per kilogram daily for 7 days intraperitoneally prevented ethanol-induced memory and attention disturbances during withdrawal and prevented the ethanol-induced rise in BDNF in the hippocampus and frontal cortex.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31625062/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-037","text":"In morphine-dependent rats, a single intraperitoneal 0.3 milligram per kilogram dose of selank reduced the total index of morphine withdrawal syndrome by 39.6 percent, compared with 49.3 percent for diazepam at 2 milligrams per kilogram.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36322304/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-038","text":"A mouse study comparing intranasal with intraperitoneal selank at 300 micrograms per kilogram per day for 5 days found the anxiolytic and nootropic effects only in the anxious BALB/c strain, and found the two routes changed different receptor systems: intraperitoneal dosing raised GABA-receptor binding sites in the frontal cortex by 38 percent, while intranasal dosing instead raised NMDA-receptor binding sites by 23 percent.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29787664/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-039","text":"Intranasal selank regulated BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo, in a 2008 report from the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18841804/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-040","text":"In mice, selank at 100 micrograms per kilogram produced an anxiolytic effect in the open-field test and increased the half-life of plasma leu-enkephalin in the anxious BALB/c strain, while having no effect on behaviour or enkephalinase activity in C57BL/6 mice.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12432865/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-041","text":"A 2008 monkey study reported that intranasal selank produced long-term changes in behaviour disturbed during experimental neurosis, including reduced fear and aggression and increased exploratory activity.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18727417/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-042","text":"Selank showed antiviral activity against influenza A/Aichi 2/68 (H3N2) in cell culture and in mice, with the strongest effect when given before inoculation, and induced interferon-alpha gene expression.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19882898/","grade":"animal-and-in-vitro","grade_label":"Animal and in vitro","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-043","text":"A Kursk State Medical University group reported that selank at 80, 250 and 750 micrograms per kilogram intraperitoneally reduced corticosterone levels and the pathomorphological changes of restraint stress in the rat colon wall, and in a companion study restored stress-disrupted colon microbiota.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32651826/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-044","text":"A single 100 microgram per kilogram intraperitoneal dose of selank changed the expression of 34 of 84 inflammation-related genes in mouse spleen at 6 and 24 hours.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21609736/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-045","text":"In DBA/2 mice, selank at 0.3 milligrams per kilogram intraperitoneally prevented ethanol-induced hyperlocomotion and blocked the expression of behavioural sensitization without affecting its formation.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27878720/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools"]},{"id":"SEL-046","text":"In rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonism, neither semax nor selank affected motor activity or passive defensive behaviour.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28702721/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-047","text":"A tritium-labelling study identified the pentapeptide TKPRP, the tripeptide TKP and the dipeptides RP and GP as the major products of selank biodegradation in blood plasma, and studied selank pharmacokinetics in brain tissue after intranasal administration.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16637290/","grade":"animal-pk","grade_label":"Animal PK","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph"]},{"id":"SEL-048","text":"No human pharmacokinetic study of selank is retrievable: no half-life, no peak concentration, no clearance and no bioavailability figure for any route has been published in the English-language index.","source_url":"https://selankco.com/evidence.json","grade":"absence-of-evidence","grade_label":"Absence of evidence","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com"]},{"id":"SEL-049","text":"The half-life figures that circulate for selank describe leu-enkephalin, the substrate whose breakdown selank slows, and not selank itself.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11550013/","grade":"in-vitro","grade_label":"In vitro","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-050","text":"No long-term safety study, no formal toxicology report and no adverse-event surveillance for selank is retrievable in the English-language index; the tolerability statements in the human studies come from short courses in small groups without published safety tables.","source_url":"https://selankco.com/evidence.json","grade":"absence-of-evidence","grade_label":"Absence of evidence","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-051","text":"Nobody has published an immunogenicity assessment of selank, which matters because selank is a tuftsin analog, tuftsin being a fragment of the immunoglobulin G heavy chain, and because FDA's stated concern for compounded selank is immunogenicity risk from aggregation and peptide-related impurities.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","grade":"absence-of-evidence","grade_label":"Absence of evidence","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-052","text":"There is no pharmacopoeial monograph, no validated quality standard and no regulator checking what is in a research-market selank vial or nasal spray sold in the United States; identifying the contents required a government laboratory to develop a dedicated mass-spectrometry method.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31667971/","grade":"analytical","grade_label":"Analytical study","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-053","text":"Selank is not named anywhere on the 2026 WADA Prohibited List, but the list's S0 category prohibits at all times any pharmacological substance not addressed by another section and with no current approval by any governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use.","source_url":"https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"SEL-054","text":"A 2025 review co-authored by the Polish Anti-Doping Agency scientific team and the anti-doping research centre at the University of Lausanne places selank in its table of substances with unclear anti-doping status, and unlike semax it lists no prohibited analog for selank.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12492343/","grade":"review","grade_label":"Review or guideline","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/comparison"]},{"id":"SEL-055","text":"Whether the S0 catch-all captures selank turns on whether selank's Russian registration counts as current approval by a governmental regulatory health authority, a determination no source we located resolves for selank by name.","source_url":"https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list","grade":"absence-of-evidence","grade_label":"Absence of evidence","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq","https://selankco.com/decision_aid"]},{"id":"SEL-056","text":"Semax is a different heptapeptide, an analog of the ACTH(4-10) fragment with the sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, molecular formula C37H51N9O10S and molecular weight 813.9, and the 2022 Russian peptide review classifies it as a nootropic drug while classifying selank as an anxiolytic.","source_url":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/9811102","grade":"chemical-reference","grade_label":"Chemical reference","used_on":["https://selankco.com/comparison","https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-057","text":"FDA's compounding safety-risks page carries a separate entry for semax stating that FDA has no, or limited, safety-related information for proposed routes of administration and therefore lacks sufficient information to know whether the drug would cause harm if administered to humans.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","grade":"regulatory","grade_label":"Regulatory record","used_on":["https://selankco.com/comparison","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-058","text":"Both selank and semax inhibit the enkephalin-degrading enzymes of human serum, and the two peptides were found together in the same seized preparations analysed by a Belgian government laboratory.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11443939/","grade":"in-vitro","grade_label":"In vitro","used_on":["https://selankco.com/comparison","https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-059","text":"Selank is sold in the United States both as a nasal spray or drops and as a lyophilized powder for injection, the two forms a government laboratory found available online.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31667971/","grade":"analytical","grade_label":"Analytical study","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools","https://selankco.com/faq"]},{"id":"SEL-060","text":"The animal literature used intranasal and intraperitoneal routes rather than the subcutaneous injection common in peptide marketing, with intranasal dosing reported in mice, rats and monkeys.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29787664/","grade":"animal","grade_label":"Animal","used_on":["https://selankco.com/monograph","https://selankco.com/tools","https://selankco.com/faq"]}]}